The Amazon rainforest, a vital global ecosystem, is facing significant threats from the loss of intact forest through deforestation and degradation. This report provides an overview of recent forest changes in the Amazon, focusing on Brazil, the country with the largest portion of the Amazon....

In the African Sahel region, arable land is being increasingly threatened by the implications of climate change. Agroforestry offers opportunities to adapt to these challenges by enhancing ecological resilience and food production through intensification and/or diversification by integrating...

The role of permanent carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere is currently the subject of intensive discussion within the context of developing a new EU emis­sions reduction target for 2040 and a German long-term strategy on negative emissions. At the same time, a short-term strategy...

Drought, heat and bark-beetle infestations in the years 2018 till 2022 have had severe impacts on German forests. With the results of the National Forest Inventory 2022 being available since late 2023, new projections of possible future development of carbon stocks in forests and the Harvested...

Allocating Brazilian undesignated public forests (UPF) to specific land-use categories is advocated as essential for improved forest governance. In 2010, a 1.3-million-hectare area of UPF in eastern Amazon, known as the Mamuru-Arapiuns Glebas, underwent a land-use planning and allocation...

The EU Forest Strategy 2030 commits to develop a voluntary certification scheme for Closer-to-Nature Forest (CNF) management. To support this development, the European Commission published Guidelines on Closer-to-Nature Forest Management in July 2023, outlining key principles, objectives, and...

The EU Forest Strategy 2030 commits to develop a voluntary certification scheme for Closer-to-Nature Forest (CNF) management. To support this development, the European Commission published Guidelines on Closer-to-Nature Forest Management in July 2023, outlining key principles, objectives, and...

The SUPERB project, led by the European Forest Institute and cocoordinated by Wageningen Environmental Research, is restoring thousands of hectares of forest landscapes across Europe. With 36 partners in 16 countries, the project demonstrates diverse forest restoration approaches at 12...

This technical report presents the assessment protocol for forest/non-forest interpretation from high spatial resolution images that was used to estimate the accuracy of the second version of the Global Forest Cover map for the year 2020 (GFC2020). GFC2020 is a novel spatial representation of...

This document presents the second version of the Global map of Forest Cover for the year 2020 at 10 m spatial resolution (GFC2020 v2 dated 7 December 2024). This product is based on the combination of several global land cover / land use data sets and provides a spatially explicit representation...

The European Climate Law mandates the European Union's climate neutrality objectives by 2050, aligning with the European Green Deal and interim greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors play a crucial role due to their dual...

The main objective of this report is to provide the European Commission with additional information on PFES in EU MS and on the role of these schemes in driving sustainable forest management practices. Building on the Commission guidance on PFES, alongside a literature review and case...

Robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and digital farming have the potential to revolutionise EU agriculture, forestry and rural areas. Digital and data technologies can help farmers and foresters work more efficiently and sustainably, cut costs, improve working conditions and increase...

Robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and digital farming have the potential to revolutionise EU agriculture, forestry and rural areas. Digital and data technologies can help farmers and foresters work more efficiently and sustainably, cut costs, improve working conditions and increase...

This brochure highlights solutions for sustainable and circular water management. It features examples of innovative projects that tackle water-related challenges by efficiently saving, recycling, and reusing water sources for on-farm use, through innovation, collaboration and knowledge exchange.

This brochure highlights solutions for sustainable and circular water management. It features examples of innovative projects that tackle water-related challenges by efficiently saving, recycling, and reusing water sources for on-farm use, through innovation, collaboration and knowledge exchange.

SUPERB tackles a broad range of ecosystem restoration challenges and aims to restore thousands of hectares of forest landscape across Europe. Together with key local stakeholders, the project demonstrates and tests successful forest restoration approaches at 12 large-scale demonstration sites...

Forest resources play a strategic role within EU policies on climate, energy, environment and bioeconomy. For this reason, since 2012, the JRC has been developing in-house modelling capacities to assess the recent and future development of European forests' biomass and carbon stocks using the...

The handbook is primarily aimed at national experts engaged in the production of European forest accounts. This edition reflects the latest European legal requirements. The handbook provides a framework and practical recommendations for establishing European forest accounts. It offers harmonised...

This document presents the input data, methodology and a preliminary assessment of the first version of the Global Forest Cover map for year 2020 at 10m spatial resolution (GFC 2020, version 1, dated 07 December 2023). GFC 2020 builds on several global data sets and provides a harmonized,...

The article highlights the changing role of the merchant community of Danzig after the establishment of the Second Republic of Poland and the Free City of Danzig. The research question is both economic and political-institutional. It tries to understand how the merchants' community reacted to a...

This introduction sketches out what relevance wood and wood products have had in Europe's industrial societies. It also summarizes some peculiarities of the wood-based businesses caused by both the materiality of wood and the ecologies of forests. Most importantly, the introduction...

Recently, the concerns about climate change have heightened the need for effective methods for estimating and mapping Biomass and Carbon stock at local, national, continental, and global scales. Reliable Biomass and Carbon stock quantification and spatialization is a challenge, especially in...

In the Sahel region, agroforestry potentially increases crop yields, alongside restoring and retaining soils. Nonetheless, little is known about how diverse agroforestry systems perform across actual agricultural systems of smallholders in the region. We therefore investigate how smallholders'...