We compare wealth taxes and capital gains taxes in a random growth model with idiosyncratic investment risk. At equal tax revenue, wealth taxes generate higher wealth inequality but also higher wealth mobility than capital gains taxes. The mechanism operates through variance: wealth taxes shift...

We study the optimal taxation of corporate and dividend income when entrepreneurs can use retained earnings to reduce their tax burden. We show that eliminating dividend taxes while increasing the corporate income tax (CIT) to keep investment unchanged raises total tax revenue. Our simulations...

Standard optimal capital tax theory abstracts from modeling asset prices, making it unsuitable for thinking about capital gains and wealth taxation. We study optimal redistributive taxation in an environment with asset price movements, adopting the modern finance view that asset prices fluctuate...

This paper develops an analytical framework for examining land taxation in the context of contemporary urban economies. We dissect the China case for simulation, comparing two model-based scenarios where revenue losses from consumption taxes are replaced by higher income taxes and land taxes. We...

An influential literature suggests that the rise of taxation should come with a 'governance dividend': the quality of government should improve, because the taxpaying citizenry will subject the ruler to increased scrutiny. While this fits the history of nowadays advanced economies, it is less...

The article studies differential capital taxation - distinct rates on interest income and risky profits - in a continuous-time representative-agent general equilibrium model with complete markets. It derives closed-form expressions for the equilibrium risk-free rate and the market price of risk....

This paper investigates the distributional consequences of Dual Income Taxation (DIT), a system that taxes labour income progressively while applying a flat rate to capital income. We make two complementary contributions. First, we classify income tax systems across 20 advanced economies from...

The study examines the shift in taxation of open-ended fixed-income funds in Brazil from a realization basis to an accrual basis (locally known as come-cotas), which was introduced in 1998 and more recently extended to include private closed-end funds and offshore trusts through the enactment of...

This paper extends the sufficient statistics approach to study international tax policy. International policy differs from domestic policies because i.) from the perspective of domestic policy makers the welfare weight on foreign agents lies below that of domestic agents, and ii.) behavioral...

An increase in the dividend tax on shares of Swedish closely-held corporations, scheduled for January 1, 2018, was canceled at short notice. In a difference-in-difference setting, we examine how firms reacted to the canceled reform. We find that dividends payments increased in 2016 and 2017 and...

We analyze how the expiration of a regional bonus depreciation regime in eastern Germany (Development Area Law, DAL) affected real investments and asset structures of establishments in the manufacturing sector. Our rich administrative data allow us not only to identify the aggregate effect, but...

This paper investigates the behavior of stock prices around ex-dividend dates in Europe over the period 2018-2022. In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a significant fraction of firms cut, suspended, or reduced their dividend payments, leading to a shortage. Using a...

We estimate the effects of personal income tax decreases on financial well-being, including qualitative subjective assessments and quantitative measures. A plausibly causal design shows that tax decreases in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act made survey respondents more likely to say they were “living...

As corporate income tax rates have fallen across the world, other capital taxes become more important. This paper studies the choice between income taxation at the corporate and shareholder level. I develop a sufficient-statistics framework to determine optimal tax reforms. The main result is...

We examine the macroeconomic, asset pricing, and public debt consequences of deficit financing dividend taxation in a dynamic general equilibrium model featuring partial investment irreversibility. Dividend taxes interact directly with the occasionally-binding irreversibility constraint,...

The optimal capital income tax rate has been shown to be nonzero in overlapping generations (OLG) models, as it helps redistribute income between cohorts and individuals with different labor supply elasticities and individual productivities. We show in a medium-scale OLG model that the optimal...

We study international migration responses of the super-rich to taxes using UK administrative data and a difference-in-differences design. We exploit a reform that removes access to a tax break on foreign income for foreigners based on their number of years in the UK, allowing us to compare...

This paper investigates the effects of withholding taxes on cross-border trade in services, using a newly compiled dataset covering the universe of bilateral service imports and withholding tax rates from 2005 to 2021. Employing a theoretical framework that highlights the role of withholding...

This paper analyzes how a wealth tax affects investor portfolio choice when a realization-based capital gains tax is present. We develop a two-period model with heterogeneous investors and show that while a capital gains tax distorts portfolio choice by encouraging investors to postpone...

Capital income is known to increase income inequality when measured on an annual basis, but the role of personal capital income in long-run inequality is rarely studied. Theoretically, capital income can increase or decrease long-term inequality depending on the correlation with other income. We...

Recent proposals to tax unrealized capital gains or wealth have sparked a debate about their impact on entrepreneurship. We show that accrual-based taxation creates two opposing effects: successful founders face greater dilution from advance tax payments, whereas unsuccessful founders receive...

Die 2009 eingeführte Abgeltungsteuer vereinfacht die Besteuerung der Einkünfte aus Kapitalvermögen. Sie scheint allerdings aufgrund des relativ niedrigen Steuersatzes Kapitaleinkommen gegenüber Arbeitseinkommen zu bevorzugen. Tatsächlich ist jedoch das Gegenteil der Fall.

We provide evidence that the capitalization of taxes in share prices depends on investor attention and can create additional implicit taxes for inattentive investors. Interpreting a German capital gains tax reform as a natural experiment, we identify investor attention by the temporal distance...

In the current discussions about how best to tax the wealthy, one question keeps coming up: Should taxes target the fluctuating value of assets or only profits realized from sales? This policy brief highlights the need for tax policies to focus on realized capital gains rather than just the...

In this paper, we consider the analysis of tax revenues from household capital at the level of EU states, in the period 2015-2023, respectively, those regarding property taxation, capital gains from the population/ individuals, as well as the effects of tax benefits granted by the authorities...

This paper studies the spending response to news about a dividend tax reform to estimate the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS). The Norwegian dividend tax reform was proposed in 2003, announced in 2004, and implemented in 2006, raising the dividend tax rate by 28 percentage points....