This paper estimates the returns to education in Arkansas-one of the last states to extend compulsory schooling-using ACS 2023 data and the 1987 Compulsory Schooling Law (CSL) reform as an instrument. OLS estimates imply returns of 9.5-10.4 percent per year of schooling. The CSL reform increased...

In a field experiment with 9,000 Danish job seekers, we study how unemployed workers' wage expectations affect job search and re-employment. In our survey, we generate exogenous variation in respondents' wage expectations by informing a random half of them about re-employment wages of comparable...

We examine the impact of generative AI on the youth labor market in Finland by replicating the key analyses of Brynjolfsson et al. (2025) with comprehensive population-level data. Contrary to the US findings, we find no systematic displacement effects linked to AI exposure among youth in...

Das Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung wertet jährlich die tariflichen Ausbildungsvergütungen zum Stand 1. Oktober aus. 2025 erhielten Auszubildende in tarifgebundenen Betrieben im Durchschnitt 1.209 Euro pro Monat. Die tariflichen Ausbildungsvergütungen erhöhten sich um 6,7 Prozent. Dies war...

Das Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung wertet jährlich die tariflichen Ausbildungsvergütungen zum Stand 1. Oktober aus. 2025 erhielten Auszubildende in tarifgebundenen Betrieben im Durchschnitt 1.209 Euro pro Monat. Die tariflichen Ausbildungsvergütungen erhöhten sich um 6,7 Prozent. Dies war...

We analyze how value added taxes (VATs) affect labor market outcomes (firms' employee costs, wages, hours worked, employment). While VATs are designed to tax consumption, they are levied at the firm level, which creates potential spillovers to labor markets. We hypothesize that VATs affect wages...

We analyze how value added taxes (VATs) affect labor market outcomes (firms' employee costs, wages, hours worked, employment). While VATs are designed to tax consumption, they are levied at the firm level, which creates potential spillovers to labor markets. We hypothesize that VATs affect wages...

We document a substantial reduction in the wage responsiveness to regional unemployment (the wage curve) in Sweden during the past 25 years. The period is characterized by large changes in the composition of the labor force arising from refugee migration and active labor supply policies...

In a field experiment with 9,000 Danish job seekers, we study how unemployed workers’ wage expectations affect job search and re-employment. In our survey, we generate exogenous variation in respondents' wage expectations by informing a random half of them about re-employment wages of...

This paper documents the labour market position of artists across Europe and examines how it co-varies with public cultural spending. Using EU-LFS micro-data for 2009-2023, we compare artists to non-artists using harmonised measures of wage rank, employment, and non-standard work. Using...

Job displacement causes large and persistent earnings losses. We document that these losses exhibit a U shape over the life cycle: young and old workers experience greater drops than mid-career workers. We develop a simple search model with human capital accumulation and deterioration that...

We present evidence that shared institutional and economic contexts may be at least as important as culturally rooted gender equality norms for the size of the motherhood penalty. Our study covers child migrants and children of immigrants in Sweden, and while the results point to a moderate but...

In Folge der Bürgergeld-Reform erlebte die Debatte um das Lohnabstandsgebot eine wahre Renaissance: Lohnt sich Arbeit in Deutschland noch? Während Stimmen aus der Wissenschaft immer wieder darauf hinweisen, dass Arbeit auch nach der Bürgergeldreform immer mit einem Einkommenszugewinn...

Wie kann geprüft werden, ob gleiche oder gleichwertige Arbeit gleich bezahlt wird und die Entgeltgleichheit der Geschlechter verwirklicht ist? Diese Frage stellt sich in vielen Unternehmen, angestoßen durch den Wandel der Geschlechterverhältnisse, die Veränderung von Tätigkeiten im Zuge der...

This paper examines the relationship between firm productivity, wage dynamics, and employment patterns in Ethiopia's manufacturing sector, using firm-level data from the Large and Medium Manufacturing and Electricity Industries Survey (LIMMS) for 2018-2020. In line with the objectives of the...

This paper investigates whether workers' bargaining power, which extends beyond union membership to collective wage agreements in Germany, affects the level and distribution of wages at the regional level. We conduct fixed-effect regression analysis and a DFL decomposition on SOEP data from 2014...

Microeconomic theory posits that in competitive markets, wages are determined by the marginal revenue product of labor. This study empirically tests this theoretical prediction using comprehensive firm-level register data from Finland's manufacturing and service industries in years 2000-2022. We...

Using household survey data on expenditures and incomes, we construct an objective measure of corruption in the public sector for a broad spectrum of countries. Specifically, we focus on the consumption-income gap for public sector workers relative to private sector workers to gauge the extent...

We study the labour market impact of immigration to the United Kingdom, focusing on the large inflows following the 2004 EU enlargement. Using the Lifetime Labour Market Database (LLMDB) - a longitudinal 1% sample of National Insurance records - we provide the first analysis of immigration's...

The Netherlands has long been an example of a highly and centrally institutionalized labor market paying considerable attention to equity concerns. We describe how this model has been falling apart under the influence of the neoliberal ideology. Fracturing of the labor force by the rapid demise...

In "Immigration, search and redistribution: A quantitative assessment of native welfare," a paper by Battisti et al. published in the August 2018 issue of the Journal of the European Economic Association, the authors inquire about how migration to 20 Organization for Economic Cooperation and...

We estimate relative wage discrimination for ethnic and migrant groups in New Zealand, using linked employer-employee and firm-level productivity data, and comparing each group's contribution to output with their share of their firm's wage bill. We find that wage discrimination is relatively...

Wage information is rare in job adverts, yet crucial for search. To study this information friction, we run a field experiment with real vacancies, randomly adding or withholding wage information. Disclosing wages does not change average application volumes. Instead, it amplifies the wage...