In today's digitally interconnected world, copyright infringement frequently crosses national borders, presenting complex legal challenges for effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in general, and copyright in particular. This paper examines the challenges associated with...

Private equity, an industry characterized by high-stake investments and complex contractual arrangements, operates almost entirely outside of courts. Despite the substantial financial stakes involved - billions of dollars locked in for years - and the potential for fiduciary conflicts,...

This paper examines whether non-binding ("soft") AI-related provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) move trade and how their effects compare with binding ("hard") provisions. The motivation is straightforward: digital rules are spreading quickly, but legal enforceability is uneven. We...

In a model of asymmetric regulation, a firm can comply with two regulatory targets, and a regulator can audit the firm for compliance. Inspection by the regulator is imperfect, and it assesses the firm’s compliance with the targets with different success probabilities. The firm fully complies...

This paper examines whether non-binding ("soft") AI-related provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) move trade and how their effects compare with binding ("hard") provisions. The motivation is straightforward: digital rules are spreading quickly, but legal enforceability is uneven. We...

This in-depth analysis was commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI). It assesses the Commission's 2023 Annual Report on monitoring the application of EU law and...

This study's objective is to test the impact of misleading price reduction presentation practices on consumer choices. Key findings - The mapping of methods in which e-commerce platforms present discounts identified that price reductions were displayed in ways which are likely to confuse or...

This study's objective is to test the impact of misleading price reduction presentation practices on consumer choices. Key findings - The mapping of methods in which e-commerce platforms present discounts identified that price reductions were displayed in ways which are likely to confuse or...

Deferred Prosecution Agreements (DPAs) were introduced to enhance corporate accountability while mitigating the collateral consequences of full criminal prosecution. Yet, the U.S. practice has increasingly drawn criticism for reducing DPAs to convenient settlement devices, insufficiently aligned...

Competition authorities across the European Union wield extensive investigative powers in enforcing antitrust laws. These powers - including dawn raids, home searches and document seizures - can impinge upon fundamental rights such as privacy, the inviolability of the home, legal privilege, the...

In this study, the long-term impact of fixed-location speed enforcement cameras on driver behavior is analyzed using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach on data from Ring Road I in Helsinki. The study reveals that speed cameras lead to significant, immediate reductions in speed at camera...

This paper examines the impact of two interventions by Colombia's competition authority to enforce competition in the sugar market on firm performance in downstream sectors. Using an exogenous identification strategy, the analysis finds that following the competition authority's intervention...

The author, Stephen Schneider, undertakes a holistic analysis of the numerous definitions, descriptions, and concepts that represent the criminological construct referred to as "organized crime." He provides a critical analysis of those researchers who have trafficked in ethnic and racial...

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between economic indicators, law enforcement mechanisms, and property-related crimes in Mongolia using a time-series econometric approach. Relying on the theoretical frameworks of Becker’s economic model of crime and Cantor and Land’s...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, reshaped the EU's security landscape, prompting sanctions aimed at weakening Russia's war capabilities. These sanctions also redefined the roles of public authorities and the private sector, introducing new challenges in a shifting geopolitical...

This paper describes an affinity-based Ponzi scheme in Canada, the Oversea Chinese Fund Limited Partnership, created in 2001 by Weizhen Tang. Unlike simpler schemes, it adopted a complex structure involving multiple financial services firms and feeder funds in Canada and the US. Although the...

The EU has developed a common judicial area where judgments made in one EU country are recognised and could be enforced in all others. An ever-increasing volume of transactions between individuals and companies living or established in different EU countries, as well as a number of people living...

Private equity, an industry characterized by high-stake investments and complex contractual arrangements, operates almost entirely outside of courts. Despite the substantial financial stakes involved - billions of dollars locked in for years - and the potential for fiduciary conflicts,...

In today’s digitally interconnected world, copyright infringement frequently crosses national borders, presenting complex legal challenges for effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in general, and copyright in particular. This paper examines the challenges associated with...

We use the American Community Survey microdata and employ difference-in-differences (DID) models to examine how local immigration law enforcement, through 287(g) agreements and the Secure Communities program, impacts homeownership among different demographic groups. The findings indicate that...

For several years, access to evidence has been identified by potential claimants as one of the main difficulties in bringing damages actions for breach of competition rules in general, and class actions in this area in particular, in the European Union. As regards the former, Directive...

Europol was mandated in 2019 by the EU Justice and Home Affairs ministers to create an Innovation Lab to support the law enforcement community in the area of innovation. The Lab aims to identify, promote and develop concrete innovative solutions in support of the EU Member States' operational...

This document, which is updated on an annual basis, provides an overview of the case-law of national courts with regard to the application of national legislation regulating intellectual property crime (IPC). An IPC is an infringement of intellectual property (IP) rights, such as counterfeiting...

This feasibility study, commissioned by the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME), evaluates the harmonization of access to travel information for cross-border road and rail transport within the EU. It examines the collection, transfer, and processing of travel data to...

This feasibility study on 'Harmonising of reporting obligations of travel data on maritime transport, with the view to using such data for law enforcement purposes' contributes to the European Commission's efforts to map and potentially close the current information gaps on maritime travel...

While there are harmonised EU rules on the processing of commercial air passenger data for law enforcement purposes, the processing of data on other modes of transport for such purposes is not regulated. This results in a very disparate set of practices among Member States, leading to legal and...

Tackling greenwashing is an issue where human rights, consumer rights and climate goals align. Companies use greenwashing to convince people to buy products that are not always as environmentally friendly as they claim to be. They mislead consumers and harm the environment. This report shows how...

Tackling greenwashing is an issue where human rights, consumer rights and climate goals align. Companies use greenwashing to convince people to buy products that are not always as environmentally friendly as they claim to be. They mislead consumers and harm the environment. This report shows how...

This study on enforcement procedures and sanctions in place in Member States for infringements and circumvention of the Regulation (EU) No. 1257/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 ("SRR" or "Regulation") on ship recycling aims at providing the European...

Liability for preventing and remediating environmental damage in Germany is mostly enforced by national liability legislation for preventing and remediating land/soil, water, and biodiversity damage, and environmental permitting and planning legislation. Competent authorities tend to enforce...

Enforcement of national ELD legislation in Finland is low. Between 2013 and November 2021 there had only been one ELD occurrence involving water damage, one ELD occurrence involving an imminent threat of water damage, and two potential ELD occurrences (one involving water damage and biodiversity...

There were 32 potential ELD occurrences from the time that the ELD was transposed into Estonian law in December 2007 and 2019. Of these, 14 occurrences involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to water, six involved an imminent threat of, or actual, damage to land, and 21 involved an...