We provide new evidence on the effect of minority elected state representatives on economic development and schooling in India. Using data on candidates in all state assembly elections from 1974 to 2017, we exploit two discontinuities in the reservation of constituencies for Scheduled Castes...

The Deferred Acceptance (DA) algorithm is stable and strategy-proof, but can produce matchings that are Pareto-inefficient for students, and thus several alternatives have been proposed to correct this inefficiency that only involve consented priority violations. However, we show that these...

We evaluate a two year school development program aimed at enhancing the quality of education for recent migrant students and Swedish language learners through customized packages of professional development for teachers and support of school man-agement. We exploit the pairwise randomized roll...

School attendance has become a topic of international concern, particularly in light of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to long-lasting challenges in attendance (Dee, 2024; Fuller et al., 2024; Lichand et al., 2024; Tomaszewski et al., 2023). Some evidence suggests that...

International and Irish studies have indicated negative trends in the mental health and wellbeing of young people over recent years. Indeed, the most recent wave of the Health Behaviour of School-Aged Children study shows that Ireland ranked 24 out of 36 countries on overall adolescent mental...

Switzerland features strong socio-economic segregation and no formal school choice, making residential relocation the only channel through which parents can access preferred schools. Identifying how parents value school attributes is therefore essential but challenging, given that choices bundle...

Switzerland features strong socio-economic segregation and no formal school choice, making residential relocation the only channel through which parents can access preferred schools. Identifying how parents value school attributes is therefore essential but challenging, given that choices bundle...

Wie sich die Platzbedarfe in Kitas und Schulen entwickeln, hängt vorwiegend von der demografischen Ausgangslage in den Regionen ab. Diese wird wiederum maßgeblich vom Verlauf der Geburtenzahlen bestimmt. Hier unterscheiden sich die ehemaligen beiden deutschen Staaten auch mehr als drei...

Vulnerable adolescent girls and young women need a broad set of support to reduce barriers to access, participation, retention, progression, and completion of secondary education. The Keeping Girls in School (KGS) program under the World Bank-funded Girls' Education and Women's Empowerment and...

Poor nutritional choices and unhealthy behaviors are considered responsible for the rise in childhood overweight and obesity and may reinforce each other, creating a vicious cycle. This paper studies a primary school intervention designed to break the cycle early in life by replacing date bars...

The widespread use of mobile devices among adolescents has led many schools and governments to consider or implement restrictions on their usage. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of school cellphone policies on student outcomes, focusing primarily on student well-being...

BRAC has over 40,000 schools worldwide. It is widely praised for serving disadvantaged students and for matching or outperforming government schools. Using data that we collected from Dhaka's slums, we test these claims. We find that BRAC serves the most disadvantaged students in our survey, but...

This paper estimates the impact of violence perpetrated by peers and school staff on student victims. Leveraging unique administrative data from Chile that links reports of school violence to individual educational records, we address longstanding data limitations that have constrained empirical...

Context: As part of vocational education and training, learning factories are a new, hands-on learning setting in which students can create products with realistic digital manufacturing equipment while still in vocational school. Given their novelty, learning factories have not yet been studied...

Entrepreneurship is one of the eight key competences for lifelong learning defined at European level. It empowers young individuals to navigate the complexities of an ever-evolving world, fostering innovation and equipping them with the skills necessary to tackle economic, social, and...

Entrepreneurship is one of the eight key competences for lifelong learning defined at European level. It empowers young individuals to navigate the complexities of an ever-evolving world, fostering innovation and equipping them with the skills necessary to tackle economic, social, and...

This study aims to test the conceptual model of the factors of learning organization and explore the degree of mediation of organizational culture in the relationship between leadership styles, personal commitment, and learning organization in school education.The learning organization profile...

Cellphone bans in schools have become a popular policy in recent years in the United States, yet very little is known about their effects on student outcomes. In this study, we try to fill this gap by examining the causal effects of bans on student test scores, suspensions, and absences using...

The Education and Training Monitor is the European Commission's annual report on EU education and training systems, tracking their progress towards reaching the seven EU-level targets adopted as part of the 2021 Council Resolution on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education...

The Education and Training Monitor is the European Commission's annual report on EU education and training systems, tracking their progress towards reaching the seven EU-level targets adopted as part of the 2021 Council Resolution on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education...

Malta has made steady progress in increasing participation across all education levels and reducing early school leaving. However, it continues to face structural challenges that limit the equity, quality and labour market alignment of education and training. Learning outcomes remain among the...

Spain has one of the highest participation rates in early childhood education and care in the EU. Current efforts focus on supporting disadvantaged children through fee reductions and priority admission. The share of early leavers from education and training is falling and the decline in basic...

While Austrian students outperform most of their European peers, basic skills have decreased over the past decade. Education outcomes remain strongly linked to socio-economic and migrant background. Despite efforts to increase the number of places in ECEC, especially for under-3-year-olds, there...

The Netherlands has launched several measures to address the most persistent challenges to its education system: (i) staff shortages in early childhood education and care and school education; (ii) declining basic skills of its students; and (iii) an insufficient number of graduates in STEM...

Denmark faces considerable skills shortages. Although participation in STEM courses continues to increase, it remains below the EU average. Basic skills keep declining with every fifth student showing low skills, and less than 10% showing top performance. Socio-economic and migrant background...

Portugal is strengthening the ability of its education system to respond to labour market needs. Portugal has also made progress in increasing science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) enrolment and modernising vocational education and training (VET). However, challenges remain in...

Polish students perform better than their European peers, but basic skills have sharply declined since 2018. Poland is progressing at pace with preparing a curriculum reform that focuses more on key competences. Measures were adopted to improve teachers' working conditions. However, shortages...

An underperforming education and training system weighs on Slovakia's labour market, innovation potential and competitiveness. Currently, one out of three students in Slovakia have insufficient basic skills, and educational performance has been declining. Absenteeism and early school leaving are...

Low levels of basic skills among young people, large inequalities in education, and limited adult participation in learning are obstacles for human capital development, weighing on the country's competitiveness. While Bulgaria has made progress in increasing participation in early childhood...

Cyprus has rolled out a comprehensive education and training reform package in the last decade, but its impact is yet to be seen. Cypriot students recorded among the sharpest deterioration in basic skills in the EU, leading to an underachievement rate of above 50%. They also show lower level of...

Greece has met the 2030 EU-level targets on early leaving from education and training and is close to the target on tertiary educational attainment. However, major challenges persist in terms of acquisition of basic skills, in particular mathematics with almost every other student failing to...

Belgium maintains high levels of participation in early childhood education and care, but staff shortages and capacity problems exist. In school education, the Communities are implementing major reforms to improve educational quality and school accountability. Nonetheless, educational...

The provision of ECEC services has been largely improved both in terms of access and quality. A new system for early detection of special educational needs, adapted to Luxembourg's multilingual context, was introduced in 2025. Luxembourg addresses the high diversity of its school population by...

Estonia ranks first in the EU for basic skills, and is the only country which has reached the EU target for basic skills in all three domains (reading, science and maths). Its education system is also one of the most equitable in the EU. Investment in AI tools and training aims to ensure...

Latvia's education system produces good results in terms of basic skills but struggles with geographical inequalities in access to quality education. The proportion of top-performing students is below the EU average. Despite government efforts, renewing the teaching workforce is a challenge. The...

Czech pupils perform above the EU average in mathematics, science and digital skills, and the share of top performers is relatively high. At the same time, the education system is characterised by large inequalities. Students from lower socio-economic backgrounds have access to fewer resources...

Students in Germany show deteriorating levels of basic skills in reading, maths, and science. The share of top-performers is also declining, but remains above the EU average. Early school leaving is on the rise, in contrast to the EU trend, and educational outcomes are strongly influenced by...

Educational outcomes in Ireland are above the EU average, and Ireland is one of the top-performing countries in basic skills in the EU. Ireland is improving access to education for disadvantaged children, including by more affordable childcare. These sustained efforts have increased enrolment in...

Sweden excels in participation in adult education and has a high participation in early childhood education and care. And its tertiary educational attainment rate is above the EU-level targets. Swedish students stand out in civic skills and perform better in basic skills than their European...

A traditionally top-performing education system is facing growing challenges in terms of declining basic skills and rising early school leaving rates, although Finnish students still outperform their European peers. To reverse these negative trends, Finland has increased instruction hours and is...

Croatia has engaged in major reforms at all levels of education in the past years to improve the performance of its education system, underpinned by substantial support from EU funds. As a result, participation in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and tertiary educational attainment are...

Italy is making steady progress towards the EU average on most education indicators. A sustained reduction in early school leaving over the past decade has brought the rate close to the EU average and also the EU 2030 target. On average, basic skills proficiency is in line with the EU average in...

The Slovenian education system performs relatively well in EU comparison at all educational levels. Participation of children below 3 in formal childcare is among the highest in the EU, accompanied by measures aimed at enhancing the inclusiveness of early childhood education and care. Vocational...

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) participation of children over three years old has already reached the EU-level target but remains well below the EU average for younger children. Hungarian students perform in line with the EU average in basic skills, but the disparity among students...