Europe's marine environment faces increasing demands from maritime sectors and this briefing addresses the often-conflicting demands on the marine space. This briefing highlights the need for informed planning to meet climate goals and safeguard marine biodiversity.

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

This study investigates the potential role of a Knowledge and Innovation Community (KIC) in Water, Marine, and Maritime Sectors and Ecosystems (WMM) under the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The research addresses 1) the current challenges in WMM; 2) assessing scientific,...

In the Black Sea, Turkey has been able to engage in resource exploration and joint security arrangements with its neighbours. Ankara's approach to the Black Sea demonstrates that with the right diplomatic efforts and mutual recognition of inter­ests, regional cooperation is possible even in...

Maritime piracy is a pressing global economic and security challenge, posing significant threats to international shipping and global trade. Contemporary piracy is intrinsically linked to matters of governance and economic marginalization fostered by the globalization of the world economy. The...

The governance of marine ecosystems under international law sits at a crucial nexus for climate change. This chapter explores legal measures related to climate change and the governance of aquatic ecosystems, including watercourses, wetlands, and biodiversity, to highlight interactions and...

I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame, and show how the Exclusive Economic Zone emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and...

This legal study is based on Legal Dimensions of Sea Level Rise: Pacific Perspectives which was published on June 29, 2021. The original version provided an assessment of key legal frameworks and policy questions that are relevant in the context of sea level rise in the Pacific region. This...

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world. It showed the possibility of running economic activities remotely, allowing people to learn how to have a more balanced life. As a result, electronic commerce flourished, and it is here to stay. However, only time will tell whether people will shop...

With depletion of the oceans through overfishing and other anthropogenic and other activities, law seems incapable of adequately protecting marine biodiversity. Through green legal theory, this Chapter demonstrates the entanglement of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea’s...

I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame, and show how the Exclusive Economic Zone emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and...

Introduction and history -- Legal status of the ship -- Shipbuilding contracts -- Ship sale contracts -- Ship mortgage and maritime liens -- Judicial sale -- Arrest of the ship -- Carriage of goods by sea -- Charterparties -- Demise (bareboat) charter -- Voyage charter -- Time charter --...

The oceans have long been a space of contestation between States. States assert and defend claims related to ocean space, use and resources to promote and protect military, economic, social and strategic interests. States’ claims may prompt diverse reactions that hold both political and legal...

In this paper, three steps are made. First, an effort is made to show a consequential effect of maritime insecurity on seafarers and marine professionals; they are at risk of a complicated string of processes that impact their lives. Second, there is the risk to the environment and property....

Purpose: Oceans are a dominant means for transport of goods, which in turn has caused a boom in data volumes exchanged at sea. Internet connectivity at sea is heavily reliant on satellites, but it suffers from high cost, low bandwidth and complex regulatory requirements. This acts as an impetus...

In the United States and many other countries, a legal divide occurs at the coast. Management authorities, for example, often change somewhere in the vicinity of the high tide line. However, in most cases, freshwater flows into saltwater. This connection has always been vital to trade and...

Introduction : learning the law -- Sources of law -- Conventions overview -- The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea-SOLAS -- Survey Requirements -- Seaworthiness and risk management -- Risk management in polar operations -- The International Convention on Standards of...

The preliminary steps towards finding the law that will determine incorporation of an arbitration clause into the bill of lading -- Identifying the prerequisites for the valid incorporation of charterparty arbitration clauses into bills of lading under English law -- The sequel in the...

Setting the stage -- The evolution of international law in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples to lands, marine space, and natural resources : a historical sketch -- International human rights law and indigenous peoples : norms relevant to the rights to lands and natural resources --...

"As climate change, resource overexploitation, and pollution leave ever more visible marks, ocean ecosystems, economies, and people are all affected. With coasts on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic, Canada faces a formidable challenge in building resilient, sustainable oceans and supporting the...

Foreign capital has increasingly become involved in the exploration for deep sea minerals in the Area. Foreign-owned companies have received the sponsorship of their state of incorporation, as required by UNCLOS to be granted an exploration contract by the International Seabed Authority....

Nigeria, a coastal state with a land area of 923,768.64 square kilometers, has a coastline of over 853 kilometers and navigable inland waterways of about 4,000 kilometers. The sea mass affords a veritable medium of transportation and communication. It conversely serves as an object of intense...

Sovereign rights in Exclusive economic zones and Continental shelves are functionally limited to the economic exploitation of these zones. Moreover, in the case of disputed maritime zones these sovereign rights are neither exclusive nor necessarily constant. Nevertheless, states are still...

This article examines the challenges that climate change and sea-level rise pose to certain key aspects of the law of the sea. Sea-level rise is likely to impact maritime baselines, the qualification of maritime features and the entitlements they generate, and ultimately the stability of...

The abyssal plain — the deepest part of the ocean — is littered with polymetallic nodules: lumps of minerals deposited through accretion over the course of millions of years. The existence of these mineral deposits, although not their exact nature, has been known since at least the...

This Chapter provides an overview of the maritime boundary delimitation disputes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, and the interplay between these disputes and the exploration and exploitation of seabed energy resources, particularly hydrocarbons. This chapter explores, first, how the majority...

Disputed maritime areas are often sources of valuable natural resources, but they are also often sources of conflict. It is thus important for investors investing in such areas to know the array of investment protection mechanisms available to them. This article examines four such mechanisms...

Improper acquisition of genetic resources (GRs) and associated traditional knowledge (TK) without prior informed consent and on mutually agreed terms, in accordance with national laws of the country providing the GR and associated TK, as well as without any fair and equitable sharing of the...

There are many cases worldwide where two or more States’ maritime claims over ocean space and marine resources overlap, leading to disputed maritime areas. Many of these disputed maritime areas include rare or fragile marine ecosystems and constitute the habitat of vulnerable species. General...

"As the fall-out of the Ever Given Suez canal blockage shows, an ancient instrument like General Average (GA) is still highly relevant in redistributing risks and costs in maritime trade. However, bar marine insurance, not much is known about the development of tools of maritime risk management...

1. Introduction -- 2. Amoco Cadiz and the early days of EC maritime regulation 37 -- 3. Braer and breakthrough for EU maritime engagement and regulation -- 4. Erika, a watershed in international maritime governance 95 -- 5. Prestige and near breakdown of the safety regime -- 6. From EU-IMO...

Foreign capital has increasingly become involved in the exploration for deep sea minerals in the Area. Foreign-owned companies have received the sponsorship of their state of incorporation, as required by UNCLOS to be granted an exploration contract by the International Seabed Authority....

This study examines the influence of maritime affairs on the development of Indonesian popular songs in the 1980s. During the 1980s period, maritime events and issues became one of the discourses that developed in society. This is inseparable from the burning incident of the Tampomas II ship...

This is a summary of developments in New Zealand relating to the law of the sea in 2012. Developments include the Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf (Environmental Effects) Act 2012, Marine Legislation Bill 2012, inquiries into foreign charter fishing vessels, fishing cooperation in...