Customer reviews are crucial in potential buyers' decision-making process. However, on online platforms, the credibility of these reviews is often undermined by fake reviews, which can mislead users. With advancements in large language models (LLMs), the review landscape has transformed, making...

Metaheuristics are widely used to address complex optimisation problems where traditional exact methods are computationally infeasible or insufficiently flexible. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, large language models, such as ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and LLaMA, have...

The development of English-language skills, a near necessity in today’s global economy, is heavily influenced by historical national decisions about whether to subtitle or dub TV content. While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of...

The development of English-language skills, a near necessity in today’s global economy, is heavily influenced by historical national decisions about whether to subtitle or dub TV content. While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of...

The internet transformed the landscape for (prospective) migrants, including the ability to learn foreign languages. The popular language learning app Duolingo rolled out 84 courses between source and target languages between 2012 and 2021. These courses increased the number of languages spoken...

Finance is still stereotypically perceived as a male domain, and social group divisions have linguistic consequences. This study examines whether language use in consumer finance exhibits gendered characteristics by identifying linguistic patterns used by non-expert women and men in this domain....

The linguistic obligations imposed by Catalan law on individuals in the framework of trade and consumers relations are not based on the regulation of the co-officiality of Catalan language in the territory of Catalonia. These linguistic obligations are not based on the protection of public...

This analysis looks at the compatibility with the EU Treaties of rules requiring signs, information and customer service to be in a regional language which is an official language of a Member States but not an official language of the EU. In order for rules to fall within the scope of the Treaty...

This analysis looks at the compatibility with the EU Treaties of rules requiring signs, information and customer service to be in a regional language which is an official language of a Member States but not an official language of the EU. In order for rules to fall within the scope of the Treaty...

This paper examines the impact of complex yet precise language, particularly financial jargon, on information dissemination and ultimately market efficiency. As a natural laboratory, we analyze the information exchanged during earnings conference calls, where we instrument jargon with the Plain...

We study an active labor market program aimed at immigrants with very limited language skills. The program consists of a three-month on-the-job training program in a regular workplace, facilitated by bilingual caseworkers speaking the participant's native language. The aim of the program is to...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

This report examines the economic impact of language policies in five multilingual European regions. It asserts that linguistic diversity is a valuable asset for regional development. It concludes that, to be effective, policies need to be practically embedded into daily life, such as in...

Central bank communication has become a crucial tool for steering the monetary policy stance and shaping the outlook of market participants. Traditionally, analyzing central bank communication required substantial human effort, expertise, and resources, making the process time-consuming. The...

Theory and evidence from the behavioral science literature suggest that the widespread and rising use of lingua francas in the workplace may impact the ethical decision-making of individuals who must use foreign languages at work. We test the impact of foreign language usage on individuals’...

Aim: In teaching and science, texts are translated from different languages. In this context, the present study investigates the potential distortions and systemic risks that arise when a source text on energy transition and sustainability is translated multiple times across different languages...

Social media has become a vital communication tool for higher education institutions (HEIs) to reach larger targets, attract followers, and engage with diverse audiences. This study conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 4148 Facebook posts from 16 public and private HEIs in the...

Commitment to gender equality and diversity has long been a stated priority for large companies, and one visible way to signal this commitment is through gender-inclusive language. Public debates around such language use increasingly surface regarding companies’ communication with...

As interest in economic narratives has grown in recent years, so has the number of pipelines dedicated to extracting such narratives from texts. Pipelines often employ a mix of state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques, such as BERT, to tackle this task. While effective on...

We estimate the effect of speaking Spanish as an additional language (SAL)—as opposed to speaking it as a native—on education, labor, and wellbeing outcomes among Mexico's indigenous ethno-linguistic minorities. Controls are appropriately comparable indigenous individuals who speak only...

We exploit the 1990-2000 inflow of Yugoslav refugees to Geneva to examine two understudied yet policy-relevant integration mechanisms for refugee pupils: language support classes, provided prior to integration into regular classes, and sorting based on academic ability within regular classes. We...

Energy cultures, broadly defined as shared beliefs, practices, and material preferences that shape energy-related behaviors, provide a useful framework for investigating consumption differences across population groups. We investigate how households' energy demand behavior differ across the...