The Scottish Budget and Spending Review published on 13 January set detailed spending plans for 2026-27, alongside higher-level plans for the following two years for day-to-day (resource) spending and the following three years for investment (capital) spending. Understandably, the Scottish...

Despite the central role of corporate tax departments in managing multinational enterprises' (MNEs) global tax positions, little is known about how their internal design shapes corporate tax behavior. Drawing on hand-collected data on more than 8,000 tax employees across 309 publicly listed...

The digitalization of low-income economies has made it easier for governments to collect tax, yet many still fail to raise adequate revenues. Why would policy makers in urgent need of resources not fully leverage these new tools? I argue that governments remain constrained by public opinion:...

This paper shows that bargaining over tax payments is an important feature of tax compliance and enforcement in lower income countries. Analyzing the universe of administrative tax filings from Zambia, we document sharp bunching in (i) dominated regions above tax schedule discontinuities,...

Niger faces significant challenges to mobilize revenue, with one of the lowest tax revenue to GDP ratios in the region. This paper estimates the tax revenue gap, which reflects the difference between the actual and the potential tax revenue given economic and institutional context. The tax...

The objective of this note is to summarize the role of behavioral science in tax compliance and tax administration, elaborating on a previous note outlining the World Bank's past work in this area (Dalton et al., 2021). This note will provide an overview of a behaviorally informed approach to...

Dual-regime business tax systems typically subject smaller firms to an output (turnover) tax and larger firms to a profit (corporate) tax. Despite their prevalence, there is little formal analysis of their optimal design. This paper addresses this gap by developing a theoretical framework to...

We propose a theoretical model in which uninformed consumers update their beliefs about the health effects of sugar in soft drinks through two sequential policies: an information campaign and a sugar tax. The information campaign is modeled as a costless signal (cheap talk), while the tax policy...

Using unique tax audit data of 499 German firms, we analyze whether family firms, public firms, financially constrained firms, and those firms with managers with low tax morale substitute two tax strategies, book-tax conforming and nonconforming tax avoidance strategies, and examine the effect...

This Flash Eurobarometer investigates EU citizens' attitudes and preferences towards taxation and tax policy. It examines key themes, such as EU citizens' perception of the desired tax mix - that is, the adequate balance between different types of taxes like income, consumption taxes (e.g. VAT),...

This Flash Eurobarometer investigates EU citizens' attitudes and preferences towards taxation and tax policy. It examines key themes, such as EU citizens' perception of the desired tax mix - that is, the adequate balance between different types of taxes like income, consumption taxes (e.g. VAT),...

The aim of this paper is to provide a legal documentation that is conducted under a thorough review of tax legislation and create a dataset, consisting of 120 laws that brought significant changes in the vast majority of categories of taxes in Greece from 1974 to 2018. It is noteworthy that a...

We continue the discussion of the taxation game following our presentation in [12]. Our concept describes a cooperative game played between a set of jurisdictions (" countries"). These players admit the operation of a multinational enterprise (MNE, the "firm") within their jurisdiction. The...

The Scottish Government has a range of tax powers at its disposal, which it has used in recent years to forge an increasingly distinct tax policy from the rest of the UK. In its 2025-26 Budget, the Scottish Government made a number of tax policy changes, including to income tax, business rates,...

This paper reveals how tax complexity, in the form of loopholes and assets overlapping different sections of tax returns, contributes to tax avoidance and evasion. Using administrative data from the Netherlands, it shows how an auditing announcement in 2005 triggered large increases in declared...

Despite improvements since the 1990s, domestic revenue mobilization remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and there is a recognized need to increase tax revenue as a share of GDP. Tanzania is no exception; although the tax/GDP ratio increased from 8% in the early 1990s to about 11% by...

Using five years post-tax data on CPI prices, national employment as well as firm-level employment, we provide novel evidence on the medium-term effects of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL). Applying a difference-in-differences research design, we find that neither consumers nor employees...

The objective of this study is to show that an indirect interest in a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) through hybrid participation instruments may not be subject to CFC taxation. This is the case where the taxpayer holds a hybrid participation instrument in a foreign intermediary company...

Purpose - Identify the relationship between the amount of taxes and their payment by a digital enterprise and develop recommendations for improving the quality of e-commerce taxation. Research methodology - On the basis of dialectical and systematic methods, the influence of the amount of the...

This paper explores the Taxation system in the Republic of Kosovo. It researches the need and reasons for the optimal taxation system that the Republic of Kosovo should develop as part of the proposed Taxation reform (based on recommendation). The Republic of Kosovo is the newest country in...

This technical note provides an overview of current thinking on artificial intelligence (AI) in tax and customs administration. Written primarily for senior officials, the intent of the note is to provide an awareness of AI that can help inform decision making and planning. The note opens with...