We set up a life cycle model with real interest rate risk to demonstrate that real interest rates have implications for optimal household consumption and investments. Lower interest rates lead to higher optimal stock investments and lower consumption. Ignoring the time-varying nature of real...

This paper examines how the ECB's 2022-2023 interest-rate hikes affected euro-area banks' economic net worth and vulnerability to deposit runs. Drawing on granular, confidential data for 139 banks, we estimate each bank's economic net worth and find that unrealised losses on loans and bonds...

We show that the slope of the yield curve affects bank lending and economic activity through an "expected bank profitability channel." Using detailed banking data and term premium shocks identified via instrumental variables or event studies, we show that a steeper yield curve-when driven by...

This paper examines how the ECB's 2022-2023 interest-rate hikes affected euro-area banks' economic net worth and vulnerability to deposit runs. Drawing on granular, confidential data for 139 banks, we estimate each bank's economic net worth and find that unrealised losses on loans and bonds...

This paper studies the determinants of net interest margin and of the exposure to the interest rate risk of a sample of 125 local Italian banks during the period 2006-2018. Relative to prior literature, to take advantage of the unprecedented interest rate environment determined by European...

We match granular supervisory and credit register data to assess the implications of banks' exposure to interest rate risk on the monetary policy transmission to bank lending supply in the euro area. We exploit the largest and swiftest increase in interest rates since the creation of the euro...

We develop a framework to estimate bank franchise value. Contrary to existing models, sticky deposits and low deposit rate betas do not imply negative duration. While operating costs could generate negative duration, they are offset by fixed interest rate spreads from lending activity....

The Turkish economy has encountered significant shocks in interest rates and foreign exchange along with global risks in recent years. These shocks had an impact not only on the real sector but also on the banking sector's returns, depending on the ownership structure. This study examines the...

We match granular supervisory and credit register data to assess the implications of banks' exposure to interest rate risk on the monetary policy transmission to bank lending supply in the euro area. We exploit the largest and swiftest increase in interest rates since the creation of the euro...

The study sought to examine the effect interest rate risks on banking sector stability through disentangling the effect of interest rate risk on both fiscal and banking sector stability conditions in Kenya. We applied annual macroeconomic and bank-level data for the period 2001 - 2022 across 37...

We study interest rate risk at U.S. banks by measuring the impact of interest rate changes on banks' earnings and net worth. Changes in interest rates affect (i) future earnings by altering income and expenses from rate-sensitive assets and liabilities and (ii) current net worth by altering the...

Under a “mea culpa” framework, evidence suggests that financial institutions practice discretionary hedging of both interest rate and funding risks, unlike Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank. Banks asymmetrically manage risk by intensifying hedging with interest rate derivatives as...

Under a "mea culpa" framework, evidence suggests that financial institutions practice discretionary hedging of both interest rate and funding risks, unlike Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank. Banks asymmetrically manage risk by intensifying hedging with interest rate derivatives as HTM...

We ask whether banks use interest rate swaps to hedge the interest rate risk of their assets, primarily loans and securities. To this end, we use regulatory data on individual swap positions for the largest 250 U.S. banks. We find that the average bank has a large notional amount of $434...

We posit that the pricing mechanism of interest rate risk is contingent upon the prevailing inflation levels; in times of high (low) inflation, a positive (negative) shock to interest rates is indicative of a negative economic state. In line with this proposition, we introduce a conditional...

This paper shows that an increase in the Fed funds rate is associated with an increase in banks' unrealized losses due to their held-to-maturity (HTM) portfolios. This exposes banks to large uninsured deposit withdrawals as the depositors seek a flight-to-safety and, at the same time, to a...

Motivated by the regional bank crisis of 2023, we model the impact of interest rates on the liquidity risk of banks. Prior work shows that banks hedge the interest rate risk of their assets with their deposit franchise: when interest rates rise, the value of the assets falls but the value of the...

Equity-indexed annuities are popular insurance products whose performance depends on an underlying fund or investment portfolio that is complemented by an investment guarantee of an insurance provider. A technically complex version is a so-called cliquet-variant where a minimal annual return is...

We investigate the impact of credit spreads on the stochastic duration and convexity of corporate bonds with respect to the very metrics for equivalent Treasury bonds. We show that the credit spread has two interacting effects on both the duration and the convexity of a corporate coupon bond as...

Between 2016 and 2022, life insurers in several European countries experienced negative longterm interest rates, which put pressure on their business models. The aim of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of negative interest rates on the stock performance of life insurers. To...

Long-term fixed-rate mortgage contracts protect households against interest rate risk, yet most countries have relatively short interest rate fixation lengths. Using administrative data from the UK, the paper finds that the choice of fixation length tracks the life-cycle decline of credit risk...