Кластерные стратегии и кластерные инициативы: перспективы и факторы эффективной кластеризации

The article investigates the impact of clusters on the social environment and the impact of institutional factors on the formation and development of clusters. The authors proceed from the obvious assumption that the basic prerequisite for successful clustering is the development of entrepreneurship, and the expected result (i.e. the purpose of cluster initiatives) is the growth in cluster's competitiveness. In this paper a number of economic-statistical models were constructed using the data of international research organizations to identify the main factors influencing the competitiveness and the potential of entrepreneurship’s development. It allows not only to substantiate the thesis about the dominant influence of social factors but also to reveal the implicit contradiction between the social and economic aspects of entrepreneurship able to cause a reduction in the competitiveness of the cluster. Obtained models permit to assert that social capital is the key factor for the effectiveness of cluster initiatives, therefore the negative impact of the cluster on the social environment leads inevitably to decline in its competitiveness in the future. Social capital is considered as the capital of relations which provides a certain level of social integration and directly depends on the level of social responsibility of subjects of relations. This implies that the level of social responsibility of business and government determines the prospects of clustering by influencing the key factors of the efficiency of this process.