Коллаборативные иерархии

We introduce the concept of collaborative hierarchy, a mechanism of collaboration which combines hierarchical and peer-to-peer interactions. In a collaborative hierarchy, a set of participants informatively "subordinate" to the same coordinator forms a peer-to-peer network producing consensual decisions. The advantages of such mechanisms over peer-to-peer mechanisms are noted. The problem of stability of collaborative hierarchies is investigated. Stability in this case means that they are protected from turning into power hierarchies based on violence. Stability requires high levels of human capital and civic culture. Stability is achieved through a number of formal organizational principles, such as selection of coordinators by level of collaborativity and regular turnover of coordinators. Of particular importance for stability is the requirement of reaching consensus. It is demonstrated that a number of Western countries are trying to overcome the crisis of the welfare state by introducing economic reforms providing for the formation of collaborative hierarchies. Our analysis shows that the formation of governance hierarchies is compatible with the tendency to crowding out mechanisms of competition and power by mechanisms of collaboration, demonstrated by the philosophy of collaboration. The significance of the findings for Russia is discussed.