Особенности оценивания гравитационных моделей международной торговли

This paper surveys the gravity models of trade estimation methodology, which has been substantially enriched in recent decades due to the emergence of theoretically founded modifications of the gravity equation. Alternative techniques to account for structural multilateral resistance terms in specifications both on cross-section and panel data are examined. Common errors in gravity modeling associated with atheoretical calculations of bilateral trade and economic size variables are analyzed. Ways to consistently estimate gravity models under heteroscedastic errors and in the presence of zero trade flows are discussed. An overview of coefficient estimates for the most important international trade factors ob-tained in different applications is given.