От институтов к экститутам и далее - к теории институциональных аномалий

The article suggests rethinking institutional anomalies (bad, inefficient, destructive institutions and related processes and effects) in a positive way. The term ‘extitutions’ is introduced as transcending institutions of (beyond-institutional) models of social order, based on variations of norms. The extitutional interpretation of the nature of institutional anomalies allows us to critically reconsider associated dichotomies (such as ‘bad / good institutions’ like North-Wallis-Weingast or Acemoglu-Robinson), approaches (eg, functionalism and evaluative ‘something wrong’-approach) and stereotypes (including one-sided negative interpretation of ‘bad’ institutions, "presumption of guilt" of interest groups, etc.). The author's position is to understand institutional anomalies as the main product of institutional complexity. The article also substantiates the expediency of taking into account the role of institutional configurations and small institutional entrepreneurship in the formation of ‘anomalous’ institutions. An agenda is proposed for future research in the field of the theory of institutional anomalies