A comprehensive review of bio-diesel as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines

In the wake of oil crisis, the world is looking for the alternative source of energy where bio-diesel came into play as an attractive renewable alternative fuel. However, it was realized that extensive utilization of bio-fuel would tax the food chain and could lead to food shortages. So, the use of a blend of bi-fuel with conventional fuel was suggested to balance its usage which still could provide beneficial green house effect. In the hot and cold climate bio-diesel cannot conveniently replace fossil fuel but in the controlled environment with modified combustion equipment, bio-diesel can be used as an alternate fuel. Having lower heating value, bio-diesel is consumed more in comparison to the fossil diesel fuel. Bio-diesel also generates more NOx emission, which is an adverse environmental pollutant. The raw material source of bio-diesel limits food growing ground which is ultimately becoming a great concern. A dilemma of using bio-diesel as an alternative for mineral fuel has raised a concern about environment, engine performance and involved costs these have to be investigated in depth to provide a recommendation.