A literature review of leadership training and a novel conceptual model of leader-member exchange theory for new dentists

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to describe the current state of leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX) theory in dentistry and develop a novel conceptual model of LMX to guide future research and highlight the importance of enhancing leadership training for new dentists. Design/methodology/approach: A literature review exploring leadership in dentistry and LMX in dentistry was completed. The findings were analyzed with framework analysis to develop a novel conceptual model of LMX specific to dentistry. Findings: LMX theory was applied to leadership in dentistry, including a focus on new dentists, senior dentists, other dental team members and the patient. A new conceptual model of the New Dentist LMX Quartet, which is unique and specific to new dentist teams, was developed. Research limitations/implications: The study identifies the need for research in LMX in dentistry, contributes a new conceptual model for LMX theory and identifies future research. Practical implications: Practitioners, policymakers and educators can utilize this information to explore concepts in leadership and improve training and dental practice. Originality/value: No other studies specifically exploring LMX in dentistry for new dentists exist. The current literature review and conceptual paper begins the conversation on developing understanding of leadership in dentistry through further research.