A mixed-integer linear programming model for sustainable blood supply chain problems with shelf-life time and multiple blood types

The blood supply chain (BSC) is a complex system with optimization challenges, whose activities impact carbon emissions and the environment, especially with regard to the disposal of expired blood bag waste. This study proposes a new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that considers multiple echelons, multiple blood types, transportation and production emissions, and blood bag shelf life to maximize profit in the blood supply chain system. The model is applied to a real-world case study. The research results confirmed that the model could mitigate the BSC challenges. We also conducted sensitivity analysis of patient demand parameters, blood production capacity, selling price, and shelf life to investigate the impact of the key factors affecting the total profit, costs, carbon emissions, and number of obsolete products.