A Multilevel Investigation of Individual and Contextual Effects on Employee Job Crafting

We extend the theory of job crafting by proposing that job characteristics, individual differences, and group-level contexts interactively promote employee job crafting. Specifically, drawing on the theories of job characteristics, regulatory focus, and social exchange, we develop a multilevel model involving skill variety, an employeefs promotion focus, and procedural justice climate in predicting job crafting. To test our model, we conducted a survey of 265 employees working in 44 work groups at a state-owned enterprise in China. In support of our hypotheses, skill variety has a direct effect on job crafting, which is moderated by promotion focus. Further, our finding on the cross-level three-way interaction suggests that procedural justice climate is an important group-level context that influences employee job crafting. Implications for job crafting theory and future research directions are discussed.