Association between Phthalate Exposure and Kidney Stone Disease
BackgroundThe effects of phthalates on human health have gotten a lot of attention. Although phthalates can cause a variety of systemic disorders in humans, there is no published research on the link between phthalate exposure and the development of nephrolithiasis.PurposeThe goal of this study was to look at the connection between phthalates and nephrolithiasis in a nationally representative adult population.MethodIn a cross-sectional analysis, we looked at data from 59,842 adult participants over the age of 20 years in the NHANES database from 2007 to 2018. The association between phthalates and nephrolithiasis was investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis, machine learning was utilized to predict the relationship between each component and the occurrence of nephrolithiasis, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify sensitive populations.ResultsAfter adjusting for all confounding factors, phthalate metabolites Mono (3-carboxylpropyl) phthalate(MCPP) and Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were positively associated with the occurrence of nephrolithiasis, which Odds ratio (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95%CI) were (ORMCPP = 1.0016, 95%CI:1.0006,1.0027) /(ORMEHHP = 1.0061, 95%CI: 1.0012, 1.0111). Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was negatively correlated with the occurrence of nephrolithiasis (OR = 0.9890, 95%CI: 0.9791, 0.9990).ConclusionsPhthalate exposure is a significant risk factor for kidney stone formation. The phenthalates metabolites MCPP and MEHHP have been shown to increase the risk of kidney stones, whilst MEOHP has been shown to decrease the risk of kidney stones