Avaliação dos vritérios de escolha de operador pelos embarcadores de carga: Uma proposta de custos generalizados de transporte

This Working Paper presents the evaluation of the qualitative criteria considered by cargo shippers when they contract freight services with logistic operators and transporters in Brazil. To do so, the data of a survey carried out by the Planning and Logistics Company (EPL), in which a set of stated preferences was simulated with the shippers, are used. It was possible to obtain the willingness to pay (WTP) values for the attributes time, reliability, flexibility and security, through a mixed logit model. Weight of 83% in the shippers' process of choosing the carrier; the time had weight of 8%, and the other attributes around 3% each. The overall WTP results, for a trip with an average distance of 500 km, were: R$ 2.33/t for the reduction of one hour of travel; R$ 4.70/t to have 95% certainty in the delivery time (reliability); R$ 5.14/t for flexibility in delivery; and R$ 6.25/t to limit losses by up to 0.25% (security). These results vary depending on the distance of the trip and the region of the country where the cargo will be shipped. However, there were no significant variations for the type of cargo, possibly by most survey respondents operate with industrialized cargoes, while only a small part operated mineral and agricultural bulk. A generalized transport cost function was proposed to be used in network allocation models for transport network planning purposes. With such a cost function, it will be possible to incorporate the qualitative factors considered by the shippers into their transport mode and route choices, provided that the arcs of the modeled network contain the respective parameters of time, safety and reliability.