William S. Vickrey was born in Victoria, British Columbia, in 1914. His elementary and secondary education were in Europe and the United States, with graduation from Phillips Andover Academy in 1931. He received a B.S. in mathematics from Yale in 1935, followed by graduate work in economics at Columbia University from 1935 to 1937, when he received the M.A. degree. He then worked for the National Resources Planning Board in Washington and the Division of Tax Research in the U.S. Treasury Department.