Can Personality Explain what is Underlying Women's Unwillingness to Compete?

There is ample evidence that women do not react to competition as mendo and are less willing to enter a competition than men (e.g., Gneezy et al.(2003), Niederle and Vesterlund (2007)). In this paper, we use personalityvariables toto understand the underlying motives of women (and men) toenter a competition or avoid it. We use the Big Five personality factors(Goldberg (1981), McCrae and Costa JR (2003)), where especially neuroticism has been related to performance in achievement settings. We first testwhether scores on the Big Five are related to performance in our experiment, and second how this is related to incentives. We can show that thesex difference in the willingness to enter a competition is mediated by neuroticism and further that neuroticism is negatively related to performancein competiton. This raises the possibility that those women who do notchoose competititive incentives \know" that they should not.[...]