Card Check or Mandatory Representation Vote? How the Type of Union Recognition Procedure Affects Union Certification Success

Cross-section time-series analysis of nine Canadian jurisdictions over nineteen years is used to identify the effect of mandatory votes/card check on certification success. The results indicate that mandatory votes reduce certification success rates by approximately 9 percentage points below what they would have been under card check. This result is robust across specifications and significant at above the 99% confidence level. Copyright 2002 Royal Economic Society