China's Three-Fold Environmental Degradation

Contemporary China is undergoing a three-fold environmental degradation: Firstly, common ecological stress for an overpopulated and fast developing underdeveloped society, such as land and water shortage, deforestation, and desertification; secondly, complex pollution problems due to the establishment of modern industrial sectors and the widespread of urbanization; and, lastly, various new environmental problems such as climate change, marine pollution and toxic waste treatment as a result of a gigantic and increasingly globalized national economy