Clean Energy Technology Observatory, Geothermal energy in the European Union : status report on technology development, trends, value chains and markets : 2024

The EU's geothermal energy sector, although small, has considerable potential to support the bloc's energy transition. This annual update report highlights the status of both power and direct heat applications, covering technology development, value chains, and markets. Despite being a well-established technology, geothermal energy faces challenges such as high up-front expenses and complex licensing issues. However, innovative projects, such as closed-loop systems, and the integration of geothermal heating and cooling in industry and for agriculture offer promising opportunities for growth. The report also notes the need for increased research and innovation investments, for improved sustainability, and to address skills shortages.