Comments and Critics on the Discrepancies between the Oslo Manual and the Community Innovation Surveys in Developed and Developing Countries

This study aims to investigate how successful Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is in reflecting main concerns of measuring innovation stated in the Oslo Manual. Although this survey has been widely applied throughout the European countries since 1992, the discussions over its suitability as a reliable tool to measure innovation along different cultures of innovativeness still remain. Motivated by the arguments on the reliability of CIS as a tool to measure innovation and its conformity to the guidelines of the Oslo Manual, this paper reviews and discusses these arguments in a broader context and presents the implications of possible problems that arise due to these discrepancies in the case of a developing country, namely, Turkey