Comparative Analysis of Visual Amenity Services Valuation : A Nationwide Assessment Through Propensity Scoring Matching and Hedonic Regression

Conventional hedonic valuations of environmental amenities and cultural ecosystem services (CES) expose two limitations. First, it does not provide a segmented estimate based on the value type, namely use and non-use values. Second, studies using linear hedonic regression cannot address potential bias resulting from multicollinearity in independent variables. We found that popular choices of covariates are correlated with the main amenity variable, which can lead to an undermined estimation precision. Therefore, to address those shortcomings, we first employed a specific proxy dummy variable to assign treatment and control individuals based on the service type. Second, we adopted propensity score matching (PSM) methodology to refine treatment and control observations conditional on baseline covariates’ characteristics in order to avoid collinearity. Then, we carried out a comparative evaluation of a nationwide visual amenity service of the ocean ecosystem in China, via our new PSM-based average treatment effects (ATE) methodology and a conventional linear hedonic regression. Two methodologies showed opposite results, with an 8.3% premium in apartment price via PSM-ATE and a negative 0.9% premium via hedonic linear regression. We believe that improving the current methodology should be the priority for environmental amenity and cultural ecosystem services0related valuations