Comparing two populations based on low stochastic structure assumptions

This paper presents a method to compare two populations without assuming conditional independence for the random quantities in each population. The approach is based on finite exchangeability assumptions per population and is predictive by nature. We present comparison based on imprecise previsions for future observations as well as comparison based on predictive imprecise probabilities. The method is inductive, and can be used when there is not any other relevant knowledge about the random quantities available than the information provided by the data, or if one explicitly does not want to use such knowledge.