Contracts for difference: A reinforcement learning approach

We present a deep reinforcement learning framework for an automatic trading of contracts for difference (CfD) on indices at a high frequency. Our contribution proves that reinforcement learning agents with recurrent long short-term memory (LSTM) networks can learn from recent market history and outperform the market. Usually, these approaches depend on a low latency. In a real-world example, we show that an increased model size may compensate for a higher latency. As the noisy nature of economic trends complicates predictions, especially in speculative assets, our approach does not predict courses but instead uses a reinforcement learning agent to learn an overall lucrative trading policy. Therefore, we simulate a virtual market environment, based on historical trading data. Our environment provides a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) to reinforcement learners and allows the training of various strategies.