Contractual Form and Performance in the Norwegian Bus Industry 1986-96
The Norwegian public transport market has experienced a significant development over the lastdecade. Over this period the number of independent companies have declined from 220 to 83, the twolargest groups have through mergers and buy outs achieved control over more than 40% of themarket. The regulating regime has changes from net cost contracts based on historical concessionsthrough negotiated contracts based on normalised costs and efficiency agreements to tenderedcontracts in some counties, so far based on full cost. During the same period the operating unit costhas declined by approx. 20%, the subsidy rate by approx. 1/3 from 37% to 24%, and production hasgrown slightly. To test hypothesises about factors affecting the cost level at company and county levelwe have collected accounting and production data for all the companies for the period 1986-96Statistics Norway. This pooled time series cross section data set is used to estimate the effect ofcontractual form, economy of scale and scope, subsidy level on cost pr vehicle km, controlling forfactors as passenger density, route speed and urban area. The same data and variables are applied totest hypothesises of market efficiency measured by cost pr passenger km.
Year of publication: |
1999
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Authors: | Johansen, Mr Kjell W erner |
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