Energy Flexibility of Pcm-Based Buildings : Combination Parameters Design and Operation Control in Multi-Objective Optimization Considering Different Stakeholders [[Equation]]

The implementation of the thermal mass of envelope and intelligent controls to the building is a key solution to improve energy flexibility. This study researched the energy flexibility of PCM-based multi-layer wall (PCMMW) from systematic nature of building design and operation control. A new rule-based control strategy is applied to the PCMMW under the dynamic pricing in Hongkong. A multi-objective optimization model is built considering the interests of the power grid, building users, and environment. The solution-decision method combining Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, and Shannon entropy is developed to solve the optimization model. Three optimal schemes are obtained, which include the optimal parameters of PCMMW and the pre-cooling time length. The results show that, compared with reference case, the energy flexibility of three optimal schemes are 24.21%, 26.75%, and 32.78%. The peak load of three optimal schemes are reduced by 90.78%, 92.67%, and 92.87%, while the total energy usage, electricity bills, and CO 2 emissions are reduced. Using the optimal parameters design and control strategy on the PCMMW benefits the grid, building users, and the environment simultaneously. This study guides the choice of different control strategies and parameters design for PCMMW