Enhanced steel product quality and yield by applying the results of improved modelling of transient conditions in the tundish

This project aims to increase understanding of the temperature stratification in the ladle and tundish under non-steady operating conditions using both numerical predictions and measurements of the temperature distribution in the steel and in the refractory. Another aim is to measure the steel temperature in the shrouding nozzle between the ladle and the tundish during non-steady teeming operations. Results from this combined theoretical and experimental study will be used to develop simple analytical equations for predicting the temperature of steel leaving the tundis.