Evolving Structure of the Indian Air Network : A Complex Network Approach

In this paper, we analyze the effect of various policy measures undertaken by the Government of India on both the growth and evolution of the Indian Airport Network (IAN). Employing the network analysis methodology, we undertake the study over a period of 15 years (2005-2020). This in fact, is the first study that focuses on the effect of various policy measures on the evolution of IAN over time. We examine the network using complex network analysis measures, including degree, characteristic path length, and clustering structure. The geo-economic characteristics of the network and resulting structural changes are also discussed. Careful analysis of the data reveals that IAN can be classified as a scale-free small-world network. The number of connection of an airport follows power law, with a growing average distance between a pair of airports. The structure is resilient to random failures and disruptions. We also use the k-core decomposition technique to study the multi-level structure of IAN. The decomposition analysis dis-aggregates IAN into a hierarchical structure with well-defined, distinct core-bridge-periphery layers. Results indicate that IAN is a multi-layered geographical structure with evenly distributed airports across the country, whose structures can be traced to socio-economic and politico-institutional dynamics. Overall, this study provide insights on the the growth and evolution of unexplored IAN