Explicit Demand Response Potential in Electric Vehicle Charging Networks : Event-Based Simulation Based on the Multivariate Copula Procedure

This paper proposes a novel event-based simulation model for assessing the explicit demand response potential of electric vehicle (EV) charging networks. The model utilizes multivariate copulas in generation of realistic artificial charging events that retain the complex dependency structures and parameter distributions of real data. A deterministic model is used to estimate the maximal explicit demand response potential of individual charging events based on technical requirements of the frequency containment reserve for disturbance situations (FCR-D) market. The proposed model achieved a mean absolute percentage error of 3.27% when considering averaged daily dispatchable FCR-D potentials. The combined event-based simulation model is suitable for multiple practical and theoretical applications ranging from predictive EV demand response load estimation to demand response aggregator bidding strategy optimization