New Financial Instruments for European Transport Infrastructure and Services : TEN-Budget, loans, loan guarantee fund, PPP: how shall they be applied and combined to achieve an optimal result?

The study examines various types of additional innovative financing instruments available which could complement the current EU grant financing of TEN-T. It aims to design a financial framework that meets the requirements for developing such a huge investment program. It identifies the key financial instruments that can be used for funding the investments and assesses their usefulness and relevance. The document is to include a short description and an assessment of the pros and cons as well as of the potential leverage of the different financial instruments which might act as catalysts for public and private investors.