Fooling ourselves and others : confirmation bias and the trustworthiness of qualitative research – Part 2 (cross-examining the dismissals)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe and critique ways in which the threats from confirmation bias have been rejected. Design/methodology/approach: Dismissals of the existence of, or threats from, confirmation bias are identified from a review of literature across a very wide range of disciplines. The dismissals are robustly examined. Findings: The dismissals are categorised as: (1) radical scepticism (2) consequentialism: and (3) denial. Each type of dismissal, it is argued, is flawed. Originality/value: The three-fold structuring of confirmation bias dismissal is novel. In addition to drawing from organisation, management and wider social science literature, the article also uses arguments and examples from the creative arts.