Foreign exchange reserve accumulation in the ASEAN-4 : challenges, opportunities, and policy options

The ASEAN-4 countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand—have large and growing stocks of foreign exchange reserves. The region’s reserves now comfortably exceed levels required for traditional liquidity purposes. This has led to calls for a more active management of reserves, which would yield higher risk-adjusted returns. In this paper, we examine the various opportunities and challenges associated with more active, profit-oriented management of reserves in the ASEAN-4. We also draw on the experiences of well-established sovereign wealth funds to suggest directions for policymakers in their quest for higher returns, which will contribute to national welfare by augmenting fiscal resources.