This report provides a deeper analysis that identifies exogenous vulnerabilities, such as climate change, and their impacts on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus in the West Bank and Gaza. It provides an analysis of the water, agriculture, and energy sectors and identifies potential adaptation responses, institutional measures, and investments anchored in the WEF nexus to improve sustainability and resiliency in the context of increasing uncertainty. These recommendations remain broadly relevant even in the context of the ongoing conflict and could provide useful guidance to inform the reconstruction and recovery efforts