Impact of the per pupil expenditures on the student achievement at secondary stage in Punjab (Pakistan)

The paper investigates the impact of per pupil expenditures on the student achievement at secondary stage in rural and urban areas in Punjab. The researchers use the data of per pupil expenditure, pupil teacher ratio and student achievement at secondary stage. The study finds that impact of per pupil expenditures on the student achievement is insignificant. However, the direction of relationship is negative in the case of rural arts, urban arts and urban science students but it is positive for rural science students. Resultantly, there is a lower level of student achievement. The study concludes that there are many discrepancies in the allocation and utilization of funds. The major policy implication of the study is that if funds are equalized or properly allocated and effectively utilized, the student achievement and the quality of education may be improved.