Influence of the Soil Management on the Main Physical Properties of the Erosioned Soils from North-Western Romania

The paper based on the researches carried out in the plots for flow check placed on the hill with 10% slope placed in 1999 at Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea. The area is characterized by average of the multi-annual rainfall of 620 mm. The following variant were studied: clean fallow, pasture, maize seeded from hill to valley, maize seeded on the level curves direction, wheat. The physical analysis were made in the profiles situated in the top and at the base of the hill. The biggest difference between structure degree determined at the base of the hill and top of the hill was registered in the variant with clean fallow (40,2%); in the other variants the differences were of 33,3% in the variant with maize seeded from hill to valley, of 12% in the variant with maize seeded on the level curves, of 8,2% in the wheat and of 7,6% in the pasture. In the horizons of the profile from the base of the hill the values of the bulk density were smaller than the values registered in the top of the hill, the total porosity values were bigger, the hydraulic conductivity values were bigger too and the penetration resistance values were smaller. As consequence, the yields determined at the base of the hill were bigger than the yields determined in the top of the hill; in the maize seeded from hill to valley the differences were bigger than the differences registered in the variant with the maize seeded on the level curves. The results researches sustain the need of the soil management against erosion based on the protective plants and the crop on the level curves direction