Insights on the global macro-finance interface: Structural sources of risk factor fluctuations and the cross-section of expected stock returns

This study contributes to the investigation of the macro-finance interface by assessing the economic content and risk-based interpretation of widely employed risk factors in the specification of empirical asset pricing models, i.e., Fama–French size and value, Carhart momentum, as well as the more recent Pastor–Stambaugh liquidity and Adrian–Etula–Muir leverage factors. Strong support for their risk-based interpretation, encompassing evidence on cause, persistence and direction of the size, value and momentum effects, and new insights on the specification of systematic risk, are provided.