Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid Contract Design with Power Dispatching Optimization : Managerial Insights, and Carbon Footprints Mitigation

Towards booms on massive electric vehicles (EVs) adoptions, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service creates more social-environmental benefits on acting as a flexible power resource alternative for stabilizing the large fluctuations and overload in the power grid. However, the customer's acceptance and unstable external environment degrade these positive influences of embracing V2G operations. Motivated by these practical challenges, we attempt to design a V2G power dispatching plan integrated with a V2G revenue-sharing (RS) contract to coordinate the multi-parties interests then further improve V2G service adoption. Specifically, in an urban micro-grid system, V2G aggregators integrate the optimal contract parameters and coordination results into an optimizations framework then make a real-time power dispatching programming. The nonlinear terms generated by the optimal coordination condition is approximated into a tractable convex form. Furthermore, by solving instances generated from real-world and synthetic data from CAR2GO in Amsterdam, Netherlands, we demonstrate several implications: (1) the proposed contract integrated policy is proved cost-saving for aggregator operation, revenue-improving for EV users, and carbon footprint mitigation for the society; (2) proposed policy facilitate the V2G aggregator to balance the trade-off between RS ratio and operation cost; (3) based on our contract integrated policy, we also explore the influences of service rate