International Marine Bunkers: An Attempt to Assign its Usage to the Right Countries

In recent GTAP data releases, in transforming energy volumes data from the IEA extended energy balances to an input-output format, we record inflows into the energy balances flow "international marine bunkers" as exports, but record no corresponding imports. Here, we revise the energy module to balance the trade flows by recording international marine bunker usage as imports into the country of residence of the ship operator, and as usage by that country’s transport industry. We allocate usage across countries in proportion to the money value of their water transport services exports.