Looking back at the state aid COVID temporary framework : the take-up of measures in the EU

At the end of 2021, Member States granted around €940 billion to companies in the context of the COVID-19 crisis, representing about 3.39% of total EU27 GDP on an annual basis. 64% of the total nominal values of aid granted at the end of 2021 take the form of state-backed credit. The response put in place by Member States is proportionate to the loss suffered, reassuring about potential concerns on the level-playing field across Member States. In 2020, Member States' expenditure for non-crisis objectives has remained within the ranges existing pre-pandemic, thus showing that COVID aid was successfully channelled and did not crowd out public financing of important projects that support EU objectives.