Organizing for climate adaptation: Competing visions in Boston

Climate impacts have significant economic, social, and environmental consequences for cities to consider (Adger et al. 2005). In 2020 alone, climate-related disasters such as the droughts in East Africa, South Asian floods, and wildfires in Australia and the American West cost billions of dollars and brought immense suffering. This shifting environment, which is creating new, difficult-to-manage risks (Beck 2009), has been designated the Anthropocene (Steffen et al. 2007) - a new epoch characterized by human impacts on the climate and biodiversity loss (Clark 2014).