Popularizing a Management Accounting Idea : The Case of the Balanced Scorecard

We explore how the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as a management accounting technique, emerged in local experiments and was developed and marketed as a general management practice. Drawing on actor network theory (ANT) the paper offers an analytical history of the BSC, emphasizing how its various features were translated and transformed, that is shaped and solidified, through repeated experimentation that entailed various innovations, theorizations, modifications, labelling, and specification of abstract categories and cause-effect relations, into its recent forms. The paper also examines the networks and associations that not only shape the form of the BSC but also mobilize the interests of various constituencies around it as a global management technology. We highlight the strategies that Kaplan and Norton used to maintain control of this technique through its continuous reinvention