Power's Promise : Electricity Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. The Promise of Reform -- ECA is Different -- Power Sector Reforms are Urgent -- Proper Sequencing is Critical -- Net Political Benefits Explain Variation in Progress -- Taking Care of Institutions in the Energy Reform Roadmap -- Identifying Outcomes is Difficult -- 2. Getting the Utilities off the Books -- Quantifying the Sector Losses -- Deficits Declined for Different Reasons -- Relationship Between the Electricity Sector Deficit and the Fiscal Deficit -- Reform Savings Did Not Go to Social Spending -- Conclusions -- 3. Creating More Efficient Companies -- Improve Transparency and Accountability -- Revenue per kilowatt hour Rose -- Generation Costs Declined -- System Losses Held Steady -- Collection Rates Varied -- Mixed Results on Operational Efficiency -- Focus on Service Quality -- Regional Companies Take on the Challenge -- Conclusions -- 4. Maintaining Power to the Poor -- Household Energy Use Patterns Differ -- Tariffs Rose -- The Burden Increased -- Consumption is Low -- Gas May Be Filling the Gap -- Enforcement is Necessary -- Searching for Better Transfers -- Conclusions -- 5. Local Versus Global Environmental Benefits -- Did the Reforms Achieve Environmental Benefits? -- There Were Unintended Environmental Costs -- Damage from Dirty Fuel Use May Be Large -- Conclusions -- Annexes -- Annex A: Overview of the Reform Process in Eight ECA Countries -- Annex B: Proceeds from Privatization of Electric Utility Companies -- Annex C: Tariff Losses, Commercial and Collection Losses, as Share of Total Losses -- Annex D: Fiscal Balance and Electricity Sector Financial Deficit (Million USD and share of GDP -- Annex E: Efficiency Indicators -- Annex F: More on the Methodology for Estimating Health Effects.