Progress on implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was adopted at the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) 15th Conference of the Parties (COP) in December 2022. Hailed as a historic landmark for biodiversity conservation and agreed upon by 195 countries, the GBF consists of four goals setting a vision for 2050 of a world living in harmony with nature and 23 action-oriented targets aimed at halting and reversing biodiversity loss by 2030. Parties will meet again from 21 October to 1 November 2024 at COP16 to discuss progress on the agreement and to undertake a global analysis of their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), although few are completed yet. Work is currently ongoing to develop headline indicators for the 23 targets, but some are still missing, and for some others, methodologies and/or data are deficient. Progress on resource mobilisation is critical but still going quite slowly. So far, progress towards achieving the targets has been variable. A few targets have seen focused and collaborative action, but many of the more general and some quantifiable targets appear to have made little progress and lack coordinated institutional support.