Report on the nuclear human resources and education and training situation in the European enlargement and integration countries

The Fukushima Daiichi accident in March 2011 has definitely slowed down the expansion or development of nuclear power programs. However, a number of countries are still decided to embark on nuclear power or to expand their existing programmes in the coming years. This development will be characterized by the continuous need for a skilled and knowledgeable workforce able to meet the international requirements for handling nuclear energy. The Council of the EU recognized on several occasions that training and education are the back-bone of a sustainable development of highly qualified experts in the nuclear field. The European Human Resource Observatory for the Nuclear Energy Sector (EHRO-N) is at the forefront of European efforts to monitor and analyze short- and long-term trends in supply of and demands for personnel in the nuclear field to support the systematic and continuous capacity building in this area in the EU-27 and beyond its borders. This EHRO-N report examines the current situation of the nuclear human resource SUPPLY - the availability of nuclear education and training programmes, including research opportunities - as well as the DEMAND situation for such experts - companies involved e.g. in consultancy, manufacturing, engineering, provision of technical services, mining, decommissioning and waste management representing direct employment opportunities - in the Enlargement and Integration Countries. In addition, the report provides a brief overview of the nuclear infrastructure of each of the E&I Countries, if applicable.