Role of gender in white-collar crime: an examination of the emancipation and focal concerns hypotheses

Purpose This paper aims to understand the involvement of women in white-collar crime (WCC) also referred to as pink-collar crimes. WCC is present around the globe and has created a word for itself. Design/methodology/approach The paper is designed by studying the WCC in the area of Iran, Portugal, Norway, India and the USA. Findings The paper attempts to move beyond the traditional perspectives of emancipation versus focal concern, which argue that less inequality will increase women involvement in WCC versus women socializing into accepting responsibilities for social concerns by caring for others. Research limitations/implications As the data is restricted, this study is based on the limited data available on the internet. Originality/value This paper is an original work of the authors.