Science and technology for sustainable energy : EU research : visions and actions

The role of research and technological development in advancing towards sustainable (clean, secure, competitive and affordable) energy in the European Union is crucial. The EU imports half of the energy it consumes and this figure is expected to reach two-thirds by 2020, if present trends continue. No single energy option has the capacity to fulfil all the needs of the EU. Diversification is necessary and has to be reflected in policy agendas and research priorities. Enhancing and realising the potential of all energy options and capitalising on all opportunities is essential. Renewable energy sources, fuel cells, hydrogen as an energy carrier, improved energy efficiency, clean fossil-fuel technologies including C02 sequestration, improved methods of energy management, transmission, storage and system integration, nuclear fission and fusion can all contribute towards a sustainable energy future. Energy research and development should keep all options open and continuously raise the bar of excellence.